Tag: breast-cancer

Both alkylating agents, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, have the potential to induce severe cases of haemorrhagic cystitis. The pathogenesis of haemorrhagic cystitis associated with cyclophosphamide is attributed to acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide that infiltrates the uroepithelium, instigating DNA damage and ensuing tissue necrosis. Approximately 1-6% of patients administered cyclophosphamide will manifest gross haematuria, with mortality…